Chiral nitrogen ligands

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 26544-38-7, Name is 3-(Dodec-2-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2,5-dione, SMILES is O=C(O1)C(C/C=C/CCCCCCCCC)CC1=O, in an article , author is Buss, Oliver, once mentioned of 26544-38-7, Formula: C16H26O3.

Enantiomer discrimination in beta-phenylalanine degradation by a newly isolated Paraburkholderia strain BS115 and type strain PsJN

Despite their key role in numerous natural compounds, beta-amino acids have rarely been studied as substrates for microbial degradation. Fermentation of the newly isolated Paraburkholderia strain BS115 and the type strain P. phytofirmans PsJN with beta-phenylalanine (beta-PA) as sole nitrogen source revealed (S)-selective transamination of beta-PA to the corresponding beta-keto acid by both strains, accompanied by substantial formation of acetophenone (AP) from spontaneous decarboxylation of the emerging beta-keto acid. While the PsJN culture became stationary after entire (S)-beta-PA consumption, BS115 showed further growth at a considerably slower rate, consuming (R)-beta-PA without generation of AP which points to a different degradation mechanism for this enantiomer. This is the first report on degradation of both enantiomers of any beta-amino acid by one single bacterial strain.

Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 26544-38-7, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Formula: C16H26O3.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Application of 4767-03-7, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 4767-03-7, Name is 3-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid, SMILES is O=C(O)C(C)(CO)CO, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a article, author is Nakamura, Takumi, introduce new discover of the category.

Chiral bifunctional sulfide-catalyzed asymmetric bromoaminocyclizations

A BINOL-derived chiral bifunctional sulfide catalyst bearing a phenylurea moiety was applied to enantioselective bromoaminocyclization reactions of 2-allylaniline derivatives, which provide optically active 2-substituted indoline products as important motifs for biologically active compounds. A protecting group on the nitrogen of the 2-allylaniline substrate was carefully optimized, and highly enantioselective reactions were achieved by employing the p-biphenylsulfonyl-protected substrates. The origin of the good level of enantioselectivity for the present bromoaminocyclization was also investigated on the basis of DFT calculations. The resultant optically active 2-(bromomethyl)indoline products could be transformed to various 2-substituted indolines with no loss of the optical purity.

Application of 4767-03-7, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 4767-03-7.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Synthetic Route of 26544-38-7, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 26544-38-7, Name is 3-(Dodec-2-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2,5-dione, SMILES is O=C(O1)C(C/C=C/CCCCCCCCC)CC1=O, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a article, author is Chen Ming, introduce new discover of the category.

Click preparation and application of chiral stationary phase based on intrinsic recognition ability of cyclodextrin

Most of the studies on cyclodextrin (CD)-based chiral stationary phase (CSP) have focused on the functional derivatization of CD or the bridging arms to introduce more interaction sites and thus improve the chiral resolution ability. At present, there are only a few reports on CSP that can reflect the intrinsic recognition ability of natural CD. In this study, a mono (6-mercapto-6-deoxy)-beta-CD CSP (CSP1) with a clear and controllable structure was synthesized by the thiol-ene click reaction. CSP1 retained the intrinsic structure of natural CD to the maximum extent, and the bridge arm had no recognition site. The results of 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses confirmed the successful preparation of CSP1. Elemental analysis results showed that compared with double-bond functionalized silica, the percentages of C, H, and N in CSP1 increased, and the calculated CD loading of CSP1 was 0. 82 mu mol/m(2). Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was performed for the chiral resolution of more than 50 chiral enantiomers, including isoxazoline, chiral lactide, chiral ketone, flavone, and dansyl amino acid. This fully demonstrated the intrinsic chiral recognition ability of natural CD, and the results showed that the intrinsic recognition ability of cyclodextrin was more conducive to the separation of Ph-Ph samples containing two hydrophobic benzene ring groups in the isoxazoline samples. For the Ph-Py and Ph-OPr samples, the separation effect was not satisfactory. The separation results for the Ph-Py samples were not ideal because the outer hydroxyl group of cyclodextrin could form a hydrogen bond with the pyridine nitrogen, thus hindering the inclusion and the separation effect. This eventually led to poor separation of the enantiomers. While the pyrrolidone group in the Ph-OPr sample could also form a good inclusion complex with cyclodextrin, its higher polarity weakened the inclusion effect compared to that for benzene rings, thus leading to poor chirality separation results. For chiral lactides, the intrinsic recognition ability of CD was good only for the separation of some samples. In the separation of chiral ketones, large steric hindrance effect inhibited the intrinsic recognition ability of CD, and the separation effect of such samples on CSP1 was not ideal. External functional groups were required in some cases to further regulate the chiral recognition performance. The molecular structure of dansyl amino acids played an important role in the separation effect, in addition to the intrinsic recognition ability of CD. The number of side chains in the substituent also affected the quality of separation. Lengthening the side chain or increasing the hydrophobicity could effectively improve the separation efficiency. The separation effect of flavanone samples on CSP1 was ordinary. The substituent positions also affected the separation effect. In order to further explore the intrinsic recognition ability of CD, the functional triazole-bridged CD-CSP (CSP2) and imidazole-bridged CD-CSP (CSP3) (the surface CD loadings of CSP2 and CSP3 were 0.51 mu mol/m(2) and 0.46 mu mol/m(2), respectively) prepared earlier were selected and compared under the same chromatographic conditions. The results showed that the separation of the sample was related not only to the structure of the chiral medium but also to the structure of the sample molecules. Functional modification of the bridge arm could improve the selectivity of some enantiomers, but would also cause partial loss of the intrinsic chiral recognition ability of CD. For samples with the intrinsic recognition ability of CD to facilitate separation, no functional group had to be added to the bridge arm when designing a chiral medium. This study provides a useful reference for the design of CD-based CSPs.

Synthetic Route of 26544-38-7, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 26544-38-7 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Electric Literature of 131-53-3, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 131-53-3, Name is Dioxybenzone, SMILES is O=C(C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1O)C2=CC=CC=C2O, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a article, author is Csaszar, Zsofia, introduce new discover of the category.

Steric effects enforce double stereoselective N-coordination in twelve-membered binuclear palladium(II)-complexes containing chiral bridging aminoalkyl-phosphine ligands

The configuration of the ligand’s N-substituent was found to determine the stoichiometry and strict stereoselectivity of N-coordination in twelve-membered palladium dimers 2a-b. The novel palladium(II)-complexes 2a-b have been synthesized in the reaction of [Pd(COD)Cl-2] and optically pure (S,S)-pentane2,4-diyl based aminoalkyl-phosphine ligands Ph2PCH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)NHR 1a-b (R = (R)-alpha-phenylethyl 1a, R = (R)-alpha-(1-naphthyl)ethyl 1b) with stereogenic nitrogen atom, and studied by various 1D and 2D NMR techniques in solution and in the case of 2a by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. As an unprecedented case, ligands 1a-b were found to yield exclusively 12-membered cyclic dinuclear Pd(II)-complexes with stereospecific coordination of both of the donor nitrogen atoms. Formation of the 12-membered ring is shown to reduce the steric hindrance of the bulky substituents with respect to the six-membered ring. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electric Literature of 131-53-3, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 131-53-3.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds. 136030-00-7, Name is (1R,2S)-1-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ol, molecular formula is C9H11NO, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Gajecki, Leah, once mentioned the new application about 136030-00-7, COA of Formula: C9H11NO.

Synthesis and crystal structures of tetrameric [2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)anilido]sodium and tris[2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)anilido]-ytterbium(III)

Reaction of 2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)aniline (H2-L1) with one equivalent of Na[N(SiMe3)(2)] in toluene afforded pale-yellow crystals of tetrameric poly[bis[mu(3)-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)anilinido][mu(2)-2-( 4,4-dimethyl-2oxazolin-2-yl)aniline]tetrasodium(I)], [Na-4(C11H13N2O)(4)](n) or [Na-4(H-L1)(4)](n) (2), in excellent yield. Subsequent reaction of [Na-4(H-L1)(4)](n) (2) with 1.33 equivalents of anhydrous YbCl3 in a 50:50 mixture of toluene-THF afforded yellow crystals of tris[2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)anilinido]ytterbium(III), [Yb(C11H13N2O)(3)] or Yb( H-L1) 3 (3) in moderate yield. Direct reaction of three equivalents of 2-(4′,4′-dimethyl-20-oxazolinyl)aniline (H2-L1) with Yb[N(SiMe3)(2)](3) in toluene resulted in elimination of hexamethyldisilazane, HN(SiMe3)(2), and produced Yb(H-L1)(3) (3) in excellent yield. The structure of 2 consists of tetrameric Na-4(H-L1)(4) subunits in which each Na+ cation is bound to two H-L1 bridging bidentate ligands and these subunits are connected into a polymeric chain by two of the four oxazoline O atoms bridging to Na+ cations in the adjacent tetramer. This results in two 4-coordinate and two 5-coordinate Na+ cations within each tetrameric unit. The structure of 3 consists of a distorted octahedron where the bite angle of ligand L1 ranges between 74.72 (11) and 77.79 (11) degrees. The oxazoline (and anilide) N atoms occupy meridional sites such that for one ligand an anilide nitrogen is trans to an oxazoline nitrogen while for the other two oxazoline N atoms are trans to each other. This results in a significantly longer Yb-N(oxazoline) distance [2.468 (3) angstrom] for the bond trans to the anilide compared to those for the oxazoline N atoms trans to one another [2.376 (3), 2.390 (3) angstrom].

We¡¯ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, 136030-00-7. The above is the message from the blog manager. COA of Formula: C9H11NO.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.4767-03-7, Name is 3-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid, SMILES is O=C(O)C(C)(CO)CO, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a document, author is Gholami, Hadi, introduce the new discover, Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid.

Absolute Stereochemical Determination of Organic Molecules through Induction of Helicity in Host-Guest Complexes

Stereochemistry is a fundamental molecular property with important ramifications for structure, function, and activity of organic molecules. The basic building blocks of living organisms (amino acids and sugars) exhibit a precisely selected set of molecular handedness that has evolved over millions of years. The absolute stereochemistry of these building blocks is manifested in the structure and function of the cell machinery (e.g., enzymes, proteins, etc.), which are essential components of life. In the many chemical subdisciplines, molecular stereochemistry is exceedingly important and is often a strong determinant of structure and function. Besides its biological implications, the centrally important role of stereochemistry in many disciplines of chemistry and related fields has led to tremendous effort and activity, highlighted by the success in stereoselective syntheses of a host of functionalities. In the present climate, it is often the difficulty of assigning absolute stereochemistry as opposed to synthesis, which has become a nontrivial challenge, requiring the attention of the community. There will not be a general solution to this problem, as each system will have its own unique requirements and challenges; however, the need for rapid, routine, and microscale analysis is apparent. This is especially true with parallel and high-throughput arrays for screening conditions and catalysts, generating a large number of samples that require analysis. In this Account, we summarize our contribution to this field through the development of molecular receptors for sensing molecular asymmetry. These methodologies strive to unambiguously assign the absolute configuration of asymmetric center(s). To accomplish this task, our laboratory has designed a variety of host molecules, bearing various binding elements, to form stable complexes with chiral molecules (guests). During this complexation event, the stereochemistry of a target molecule induces a supramolecular chirality (i.e., helicity) within the host system. The design of the host system is such that the helicity of the host/guest complex can be observed and assigned via Exciton Coupled Circular Dichroism (ECCD), a nonempirical technique for identifying handedness, which is correlated back to the absolute stereochemistry of the bound chiral molecule. Taking advantage of the high sensitivity of chiroptical techniques (in terms of the required amount of sample for analysis) and fast response time, these methodologies offer a microscale, rapid, and nonempirical solution for assignment of absolute stereochemistry. The first part of this Account describes application of porphyrin tweezers as reporters of chirality for the absolute stereochemical determination of various classes of organic molecules. This methodology is suitable to report the absolute configuration of organic molecules that contain two binding elements (nitrogen or oxygen based functionalities). In the second part, host systems that do not require two sites of attachment to form ECCD active complexes will be described. This enables the absolute stereochemical assignment of challenging chiral molecules with functional groups lacking routine techniques for analysis.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 4767-03-7 is helpful to your research. Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, Product Details of 3896-11-53896-11-5, Name is 2-(tert-Butyl)-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol, SMILES is CC1=CC(=C(O)C(=C1)N1N=C2C=CC(Cl)=CC2=N1)C(C)(C)C, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a article, author is Hayakawa, Sakiho, introduce new discover of the category.

Inserting Nitrogen: An Effective Concept To Create Nonplanar and Stimuli-Responsive Perylene Bisimide Analogues

Establishing design principles to create nonplanar pi-conjugated molecules is crucial for the development of novel functional materials. Herein, we describe the synthesis and properties of dinaphtho[1,8-bc:1′,8′-ef]azepine bisimides (DNABIs). Their molecular design is conceptually based on the insertion of a nitrogen atom into a perylene bisimide core. We have synthesized several DNABI derivatives with a hydrogen atom, a primary alkyl group, or an aryl group on the central nitrogen atom. These DNABIs exhibit nonplanar conformations, flexible structural changes, and ambipolar redox activity. The steric effect around the central nitrogen atom substantially affects the overall structures and results in two different conformations: a nonsymmetric bent conformation and a symmetric twisted conformation, accompanied by a drastic change in electronic properties. Notably, the nonsymmetric DNABI undergoes unique structural changes in response to the application of an external electric field, which is due to molecular motions that are accompanied by an orientational fluctuation of the dipole moment. Furthermore, the addition of a chiral Bronsted base to N-unsubstituted DNABI affords control over the helical chirality via hydrogen-bonding interactions.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 3896-11-5. Product Details of 3896-11-5.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Category: chiral-nitrogen-ligands, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.50893-53-3, Name is 1-Chloroethyl carbonochloridate, SMILES is O=C(Cl)OC(Cl)C, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a document, author is Okumus, Aytug, introduce the new discover.

The comparative reactions of 2-cis-4-ansa and spiro cyclotetraphosphazenes with difunctional ligands: Structural and stereogenic properties, electrochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity studies

In this study, two kinds of compounds, namely, mono-ferrocenyl-2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa- (2,4-ansa; 3) and mono-ferrocenyl-spiro- (spiro; 4) hexachlorocyclotetraphosphazenes, were obtained by the Cl replacement reaction of N4P4Cl8 (1) with an equimolar amount of sodium 3-(N-ferrocenylmethylamino)-1-propanoxide (2). The reactions of 2,4-ansa (3) with excess diamines and dialkoxides resulted in the formation of ansa-cyclotetraphosphazenes (3a-3e). Spiro (4) was reacted with excess diamines and dialkoxides to give the mono-ferrocenyl-spiro-cyclotetraphosphazenes (4a-4d). Although 2,4-ansa (3) produced the dispiro (3a) with N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N ‘-methylethane-1,2-diamine, it afforded both monospiro (3b) and dispiro (3c) with N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N ‘-methylpropane-1,3-diamine. However, spiro (4) yielded a trispiro (4a) with N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N ‘-methylethane-1,2-diamine and 2,6-dispiro (4b) with N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N ‘-methylpropane-1,3-diamine. The structures of the phosphazenes were elucidated by FTIR, ESI-MS and/or HRMS, spectroscopic and crystallographic (for 3f and 4b) data. Furthermore, the electrochemical findings of cyclotetraphosphazenes exhibited electrochemically reversible one-electron oxidation of Fe-redox centre. As an example, the chirality of 3c was investigated by P-31 NMR spectroscopy on the addition of (R)-(+)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9 ‘-anthryl)-ethanol, chiral solvating agent (CSA). The circular dichroism (CD) (for 3d and 3e), HPLC (for 3d, 3e and 3f) and X-ray (for 3f) display that these compounds have chirality (RS ‘ or SR ‘) in the solution and solid state. This paper also focuses on the antimicrobial activities, the interactions with pBR322 DNA, in vitro anticancer activity against L929 fibroblast and MCF7 breast cells, and antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv of the cyclotetraphosphazenes.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 50893-53-3. Category: chiral-nitrogen-ligands.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Reference of 3483-12-3, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 3483-12-3, Name is DL-2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-butanedithiol, SMILES is O[C@@H]([C@H](O)CS)CS, belongs to chiral-nitrogen-ligands compound. In a article, author is Groso, Emilia J., introduce new discover of the category.

3-Aryl-2,5-Dihydropyrroles via Catalytic Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis

Herein, we describe the development of a synthetic strategy toward chiral 3-pyrrolines based on the design principle of iron(III)-catalyzed carbonyl-olefin metathesis. This approach takes advantage of commercially available amino acids as chiral pool reagents and FeCl3 as a Lewis acid catalyst. Our strategy is characterized by its operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and functional group tolerance. Investigations show that an electron deficient nitrogen protecting group overcomes limitations arising from competitive binding of the Lewis acid catalyst to unfavorable Lewis basic sites, which ultimately enables catalytic turnover.

Reference of 3483-12-3, The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a substrate. Enzyme inhibitors cause a decrease in the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.I hope my blog about 3483-12-3 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. Application In Synthesis of 3-(Dodec-2-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2,5-dione, 26544-38-7, Name is 3-(Dodec-2-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2,5-dione, SMILES is O=C(O1)C(C/C=C/CCCCCCCCC)CC1=O, in an article , author is Formanek, Bedrich, once mentioned of 26544-38-7.

Organocatalytic Allylic Amination of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Carbonates

An organocatalytic asymmetric allylic amination of Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates with aromatic amines in the presence of -isocupreidine is described. Chiral allylic amines were obtained in almost quantitative yields (90-96%) with moderate enantioselectivity. Recrystallization afforded products in good yields (45-73%) and high optical purity (82-99% ee). This method provides a facile and efficient route to obtain optically active -lactams, including the building block of the cholesterol-lowering drug Ezetimibe.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 26544-38-7, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Application In Synthesis of 3-(Dodec-2-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2,5-dione.

Reference:
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
,Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis