Archives for Chemistry Experiments of 2,4-Dimethylpyridine

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Calculations of p Ka Values of Selected Pyridinium and Its N-Oxide Ions in Water and Acetonitrile

Pyridine, its N-oxide, and their derivatives are exciting classes of organic bases. These compounds show widespread biological activity, and they are often used in synthesis. In this work results on theoretical calculations of acid dissociation constants as pKa of pyridine, its N-oxide, and their derivatives were done based on the thermodynamic cycle in water and acetonitrile. Additionally, gas-phase basicity (GB) and proton affinity (PA) values were computed for systems studied. All pKa values were obtained using B3LYP, M06-2X, and G4MP2 methods in the gas phase, which were combined with the PCM model calculations (at the Hartree-Fock method) and with the use of four different scale factors alpha. Theoretical GB, PA, and pKa values were then compared with the available experimental ones. Results obtained from B3LYP and M06-2X methods are quite similar and compatible with experimental ones in terms of quality with correlation coefficients values R2 higher than 0.9, whereas results received from G4MP2 deviate strongly. The calculated pKa values are highly sensitive to the scale factors alpha used in the computational procedure. Root-mean-square deviations (RMSD) between both theoretically and experimentally available pKa values of systems studied were also computed. The RMSD values are lower than 0.8 for the best results, suggesting that the theoretical model presented in this work is promising for applications for pKa calculations of different classes of compounds.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Catalytic enantioselective alpha-tosyloxylation of ketones using iodoaryloxazoline catalysts: Insights on the stereoinduction process

A family of iodooxazoline catalysts was developed to promote the iodine(III)-mediated alpha-tosyloxylation of ketone derivatives. The alpha-tosyloxy ketones produced are polyvalent chiral synthons. Through this study, we have unearthed a unique mode of stereoinduction from the chiral oxazoline moiety, where the stereogenic center alpha to the oxazoline oxygen atom is significant. Computational chemistry was used to rationalize the stereoinduction process. The catalysts presented promote currently among the best levels of activity and selectivity for this transformation. Evaluation of the scope of the reaction is presented.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Adducts of Some Methyl substituted N-phenylbenzohydroxamates of Cobalt(II) with Different Nitrogen Bases

Preparation and characterisation of adducts of N-phenylbenzohydroxamates of Co(II) with different nitrogen bases are reported.Two kinds of adducts, Co(R)2B2 and Co(R)2B (where R is a N-arylbenzohydroxamic acid and B is a base molecule) have been isolated and characterised on the basis of elemental analyses, magnetic moment measurements and cryoscopic determination of molecular weights.The bases capable of causing steric hindrance furnish monomeric mono-adducts only.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Enantioselective synthesis of enantiopure beta-amino alcohols via kinetic resolution and asymmetric reductive amination by a robust transaminase from Mycobacterium vanbaalenii

Chiral beta-amino alcohols are very important chiral building block for preparing bioactive compounds for use in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Synthesis of chiral beta-amino alcohols by transaminase is big challenging due to the strict substrate specificities and very low activity of the enzyme. In this work, a (R)-selective omega-transaminase (MVTA) from Mycobacterium vanbaalenii was employed as a biocatalyst for the first time for the synthesis of chiral beta-amino alcohol via kinetic resolution and asymmetric reductive amination. The enzyme was purified and characterized. Kinetic resolution of a set of racemic beta-amino alcohols including two cyclic beta-amino alcohols by MVTA was demonstrated, affording (R)-beta-amino alcohols, (1S, 2S)-trans-2-aminocyclopentanol and (1R, 2S)-cis-1-amino-2-indanols in >99% ee and 50?62% conversion. Asymmetric reductive amination of three alpha-hydroxy ketones (10?300 mM) by MVTA was conducted, (S)-beta-amino alcohols were obtained with >99% ee and 80?99% conversion. Preparation experiment for the reductive amination of 200 mM 2-hydroxyacetophenone by the resting cells of recombinant E. coli (MVTA) was proceeded smoothly and product (S)-2-amino-2-phenylethanol was obtained with 71% isolated yield, >99% ee and 68.6 g/L/d volumetric productivity. The current research proved that the MVTA is a robust enzyme for the preparation of chiral beta-amino alcohol with high volumetric productivity.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Design and synthesis of new potent C2-symmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Use of L-mannaric acid as a peptidomimetic scaffold

A study on the use of derivatized carbohydrates as C2-symmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors has been undertaken. L-Mannaric acid (6) was bis-O- benzylated at C-2 and C-5 and subsequently coupled with amino acids and amines to give C2-symmetric products based on C-terminal duplication. Potent HIV protease inhibitors, 28 K(i) = 0.4 nM and 43 K(i) = 0.2 nM, have been discovered, and two synthetic methodologies have been developed, one whereby these inhibitors can be prepared in just three chemical steps from commercially available materials. A remarkable increase in potency going from IC50 = 5000 nM (23) to IC50 = 15 nM (28) was observed upon exchanging – COOMe for -CONHMe in the inhibitor, resulting in the net addition of one hydrogen bond interaction between each of the two -NH- groups and the HIV protease backbone (Gly 48/148). The X-ray crystal structures of 43 and of 48 have been determined (Figures 5 and 6), revealing the binding mode of these inhibitors which will aid further design.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Discovery of 2,4-Dimethylpyridine

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Constituents of an organic wood preservativew that inhibit the fluoranthene-degrading activity of Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain EPA505

Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain EPA505 is capable of utilizing many components of coal tar creosote as sole sources of carbon and energy for bacterial growth, including fluoranthene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). During several bioremodiation studies, however, we observed that the fluoranthene degradative activity of strain EPA505 was inhibited by the presence of undefined creosote constituents. In practice, integration of a pretreatment step prior to inoculation with strain EPA505 was necessary to facilitate the biodegradation of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. Experiments were thus initiated to determine which compound classes in creosote inhibited fluoranthene metabolism by strain EPA505. Creosote was fractionated by solvent extraction at various pH, and three chemical classes were examined: acid (phenolics), base (N-hetarocyclics), and neutral (PAH). The mineralization rate of 14C-labeled fluoranthene and cell viability were examined in the presence of these creosote fractions at a range of concentrations. These studies confirm that strain EPA505 has differing susceptibility to the effects of the three classes of creosote constituents. The observed order of toxicity/inhibition was basic fraction > acidic fraction > neutral fraction. These studies provide engineering guidelines and define contamination ranges under which strain EPA505 can be used most effectively as a catalyst in bioremediation (Figure 4). Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain EPA505 is capable of utilizing many components of coal tar creosote as sole sources of carbon and energy for bacterial growth, including fluoranthene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). During several bioremediation studies, however, we observed that the fluoranthene degradative activity of strain EPA505 was inhibited by the presence of undefined creosote constituents. In practice, integration of a pre-treatment step prior to inoculation with strain EPA505 was necessary to facilitate the biodegradation of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. Experiments were thus initiated to determine which compound classes in creosote inhibited fluoranthene metabolism by strain EPA505. Creosote was fractionated by solvent extraction at various pH, and three chemical classes were examined: acid (phenolics), base (N-heterocyclics), and neutral (PAH). The mineralization rate of 14C-labeled fluoranthene and cell viability were examined in the presence of these creosote fractions at a range of concentrations. These studies confirm that strain EPA505 has differing susceptibility to the effects of the three classes of creosote constituents. The observed order of toxicity/inhibition was basic fraction > acidic fraction > neutral fraction. These studies provide engineering guidelines and define contamination ranges under which strain EPA505 can be used most effectively as a catalyst in bioremediation.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Synthesis of enantioenriched azo compounds: Organocatalytic Michael addition of formaldehyde N-tert-butyl hydrazone to nitroalkenes

The unprecedented diaza-ene reaction of formaldehyde N-tert-butyl hydrazone with nitroalkenes can be efficiently catalyzed by an axially chiral bis-thiourea to afford the corresponding diazenes in good to excellent yields (60-96%) and moderate enantioselectivities, up to 84 : 16 er; additional transformation of diazenes into their tautomeric hydrazones proved to be operationally simple and high-yielding, affording bifunctional compounds which represent useful intermediates for the synthesis of enantioenriched beta-nitro-nitriles and derivatives thereof.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Archives for Chemistry Experiments of (1S,2R)-1-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ol

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Chiral squaramide as multiple H-bond donor organocatalysts for the asymmetric Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroolefins

A series of chiral bifunctional squaramide multiple H-bond donor organocatalysts have been designed and synthesized by the rational assembly of chiral privileged scaffolds of indanol and cinchona alkaloids. In the presence of 1 mol % 1a, the asymmetric Michael addition reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroolefins proceeded to provide the product in high yields (up to 92%) and with good to high ee values (up to 96%). The additional H-bond in this squaramide system plays a crucial role in enhancing the enantioselectivity.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Application of 108-47-4, Catalysts function by providing an alternate reaction mechanism that has a lower activation energy than would be found in the absence of the catalyst. In some cases, the catalyzed mechanism may include additional steps.In a article, 108-47-4, molcular formula is C7H9N, introducing its new discovery.

Preparation of five-membered nickelacycles with anionic C-N-N’ terdentate ligands. X-ray crystal structure of [NiCl{2-(CH=NCH2CH2NMe2)-3-ClC 6H3}]

The five-membered metallacycles [Ni(C-N-N?)X] have been prepared by oxidative addition of o-halo-substituted imines derived from N,N-dimethylethylenediamine, C6RnH5-nCH= NCH2CH2NMe2 to [Ni(COD)2]. The molecular structure of [NiCl{2-(CH=NCH2CH2NMe2)-3-ClC 6H3}] has been determined by a single-crystal X-ray crystallographic study. Some ionic compounds [Ni(C-N-N?)L]BF4 (L = NCMe, heterocyclic amines) were also obtained. The Ni-C bond of these complexes is inert toward insertion reactions of ethylene or PhC?CPh. The action of [Ni(COD)2] on the diamines C6RnH5-nCH2N(Me)CH2CH 2NMe2 affords highly insoluble organonickel derivatives, which by reaction with aromatic amines (L) in the presence of TlBF4 lead to the ionic derivatives [Ni(C-N-N?)L]BF4. The stabilization of organometallic Ni(III) compounds using CuCl2 as oxidant was not achieved. Coordination compounds [NiClBr(N?-N)], where N-N? = 2-ClC6H4CH2N(Me)CH2CH 2NMe2, were formed probably by reductive elimination of Ni(III) species followed by reoxidation to Ni(II).

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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The Preparation of 3-Phenyl<1,2,4>triazolo<4,3-a>pyridines and Their Benzologs from N-(Phenylsulfonyl)benzohydrazonoyl Chloride and Pyridines

3-Phenyl<1,2,4>triazolo<4,3-a>pyridines were obtained in good yields from N’-benzenesulfonohydrazidates, generated from 2-unsubstituted pyridines and N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzohydrazonoyl chloride (2), by oxidation with chloranil.The reaction of quinoline and isoquinoline with 2 gave 1-phenyl-3-phenylsulfonyl-3,3a-dihydro<1,2,4>triazolo<4,3-a>quinoline and 3-phenyl-1-phenylsulfonyl-1,10b-dihydro<1,2,4>triazolo<3,4-a>isoquinoline respectively, both in good yields; they aromatized to the corresponding triazoles by the 1,2-elimination of benzenesulfinic acid on heating.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis