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Related Products of 108-47-4, Because a catalyst decreases the height of the energy barrier, its presence increases the reaction rates of both the forward and the reverse reactions by the same amount.108-47-4, Name is 2,4-Dimethylpyridine, molecular formula is C7H9N. In a article£¬once mentioned of 108-47-4

Reactivity of Neutral Nitrogen Donors in Planar d8 Metal Complexes. Part 2. The System <2,6-Bis(methylsulfanylmethyl)pyridine>chloroplatinum(II) with Pyridines and Amines in Methanol. Effect of Basicity, ?-Acceptor Capacity and Steric Hindrance

The kinetics of the forward and reverse steps of the process Cl>(1+) + am –>/<-- (am)>(2+) + Cl(1-) has been studied in methanol at 25 deg C.Both forward and reverse reactions obey the usual two-term rate law observed in square-planar substitution.The second-order rate constants for the forward reactions, k2f, show only a slight dependence upon the basicity of the entering am, and steric hindrance markedly decreases the reactivity.The second-order rate constants for the reverse reactions, k2r, are very sensitive to the nature of the leaving group and plots of log k2r against the pKa of the conjugate acids of unhindered pyridines with different ? systems are linear with a slope of -0.45.A comparison among the different pyridines and sp3 nitrogen donor bases indicates an appreciable ? contribution to the stability of the Pt-N(sp2) bond.The equilibrium constants for the reactions have been determined in a number of cases from the ratio of the rate constants and a plot of log K against the pKa is linear with a slope of 0.66.The results are compared with data from the literature.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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E / N effects on K 0 values revealed by high precision measurements under low field conditions

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is used to detect chemical warfare agents, explosives, and narcotics. While IMS has a low rate of false positives, their occurrence causes the loss of time and money as the alarm is verified. Because numerous variables affect the reduced mobility (K0) of an ion, wide detection windows are required in order to ensure a low false negative response rate. Wide detection windows, however, reduce response selectivity, and interferents with similar K0 values may be mistaken for targeted compounds and trigger a false positive alarm. Detection windows could be narrowed if reference K0 values were accurately known for specific instrumental conditions. Unfortunately, there is a lack of confidence in the literature values due to discrepancies in the reported K0 values and their lack of reported error. This creates the need for the accurate control and measurement of each variable affecting ion mobility, as well as for a central accurate IMS database for reference and calibration. A new ion mobility spectrometer has been built that reduces the error of measurements affecting K0 by an order of magnitude less than ¡À0.2%. Precise measurements of ¡À0.002 cm2 V-1 s-1 or better have been produced and, as a result, an unexpected relationship between K0 and the electric field to number density ratio (E/N) has been discovered in which the K0 values of ions decreased as a function of E/N along a second degree polynomial trend line towards an apparent asymptote at approximately 4 Td.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Rapid pKa estimation using vacuum-assisted multiplexed capillary electrophoresis (VAMCE) with ultraviolet detection

A rapid approach for estimating the pKa value of small organic molecules was developed using vacuum-assisted multiplexed capillary electrophoresis (VAMCE) with ultraviolet detection. The VAMCE method employed a 96-capillary array, arranged in a standard 8 ¡Á 12 microtiter plate configuration, with each row of capillaries filled with 12 individual running buffers of equal ionic strength (I = 50 mM) covering a pH range from 2.2 to 10.7. A separate compound was injected hydrodynamically into each row of capillaries allowing the estimation of pKa values for eight compounds in a single run. The application of a vacuum during the separation generated a bulk fluid flow and allowed the electrophoretic separation to be completed within 5 min. The complete VAMCE method, conditioning, and electrophoretic separation was optimized to allow the PKa estimation for between 128 to 168 compounds in an 8-h period. The VAMCE method provided a reliable approach for estimating pKa values both within- and between-day. The pK a values for a series of 96 compounds estimated by VAMCE agreed well with some of literature pKa values with an average absolute difference of 0.22 log units.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Strategy for employing unstabilized nucleophiles in palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylations

We report a strategy for the employment of highly unstabilized anions in palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylations (AAA). The “hard” 2-methylpyridyl nucleophiles studied are first reacted in situ with BF3?OEt2; subsequent deprotonation of the resulting complexes with LiHMDS affords “soft” anions that are competent nucleophiles in AAA reactions. The reaction is selective for the 2-position of methylpyridines and tolerates bulky aryl and alkyl substitution at the 3-, 4-, and 5-positions. Investigations into the reaction mechanism demonstrate that the configuration of the allylic stereocenter is retained, consistent with the canonical outer sphere mechanism invoked for palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution processes of stabilized anions.Copyright

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Hydroxymethylation and carbamoylation of di- and tetramethylpyridines using radical substitution (minisci) reactions

Reaction of hydroxymethyl radicals with N-methoxy 2,4- and 2,6- dimethylpyridinium salts gave 2,4,6-substituted hydroxymethylpyridines. Similar reactions with 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyridine and derivatives failed, however 4-substitution could be achieved using a carbamoyl radical.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Methyl Scanning and Revised Binding Mode of 2-Pralidoxime, an Antidote for Nerve Agent Poisoning

Organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs) inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and, despite the Chemical Weapons Convention arms control treaty, continue to represent a threat to both military personnel and civilians. 2-Pralidoxime (2-PAM) is currently the only therapeutic countermeasure approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treating OPNA poisoning. However, 2-PAM is not centrally active due to its hydrophilicity and resulting poor blood-brain barrier permeability; hence, these deficiencies warrant the development of more hydrophobic analogs. Specifically, gaps exist in previously published structure activity relationship (SAR) studies for 2-PAM, thereby making it difficult to rationally design novel analogs that are concomitantly more permeable and more efficacious. In this study, we methodically performed a methyl scan on the core pyridinium of 2-PAM to identify ring positions that could tolerate both additional steric bulk and hydrophobicity. Subsequently, SAR-guided molecular docking was used to rationalize hydropathically feasible binding modes for 2-PAM and the reported derivatives. Overall, the data presented herein provide new insights that may facilitate the rational design of more efficacious 2-PAM analogs.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Electric Literature of 108-47-4, A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 108-47-4, Name is 2,4-Dimethylpyridine, molecular formula is C7H9N. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 108-47-4

PYRIDINES. XI. ACIDITE RELATIVE DES HYDROGENES DES METHYLES DE LA S-COLLIDINE DANS L’ETHER DIETHYLIQUE ET L’AMMONIAC LIQUIDE

The acidity of methyl bonded to pyridine nucleus of the s-collidine depends on the solvent and the counterion nature.With Li(1+), or Na(1+) cations in Et2O, we have observed the decreasing acidity order: NH3 > Me-2 > o-tolunitrile > Me-4; with Li(1+) or Na(1+) in liquid NH3 : o-tolunitrile > Me-4 > NH3 > Me-2.On the other hand, with K(1+) in Et2O or in liquid NH3 : Me-4 >/= Me-2 > NH3.An estimate for the pKa value of the s-collidine (4-methyl group) is ca. 29 at -33 deg C in liquid NH3, with Na(1+) as counterion.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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A facile and general acid-catalyzed deuteration at methyl groups of N-heteroarylmethanes

A facile and general Br¡ãnsted acid-catalyzed deuteration at the methyl group of N-heteroarylmethanes was achieved through a dearomatic enamine intermediate under relatively mild reaction conditions. Both 2-methyl and 4-methyl groups in quinolines were deuterated with high deuterium incorporation. Pyridines, benzo[d]thiazoles, indoles and imines including these clinical drugs were also deuterated efficiently at the methyl groups. This reaction could be conducted on a large scale (500 mmol), showing its good potential for use in large-scale synthesis.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Denitrogenation of middle distillates using adsorbent materials towards ULSD production: A review

A review of the state of art in the denitrogenation process of middle distillates using adsorbent materials is discussed. More stringent environmental laws enforce refiners to produce cleaner fuels from heavy feeds. Sulfur compounds reduce fuel quality and release pollutants to the atmosphere by which its elimination is mandatory. Typical hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalytic processes in refineries are limited to meet the required specifications for Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) and new processes and materials need to be developed. Removal of nitrogen compounds (N-compounds) from real feedstocks improves sulfur elimination because irreversible adsorption of N-compounds on acidic sites in HDS catalysts may be avoided. Research and development during the last decade is reviewed in this work, including results obtained with different types of N-compounds, adsorptive systems and adsorbents commercially available.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Platinum complexes of terpyridine: Synthesis, structure and reactivity

With a rich history spanning over 75 years, platinum terpyridine complexes are a diverse and versatile family of coordination compounds. This review addresses the burgeoning field of research aimed at exploring synthesis and characterization, structure and bonding, thermodynamics and kinetics of ligand substitution, and stacking in solution and in the solid state.

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Reference£º
Chiral nitrogen ligands in late transition metal-catalysed asymmetric synthesis¡ªI. Addressing the problem of ligand lability in rhodium-catalysed hydrosilations,
Nitrogen-Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis